Apparatus



3 Sheets-Sheet 1.

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M. MESTERN. VENTILATING APPARATUS.

No. 411,898. Patented Oct. 1. 1889.

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A M. MESTERN.

VENTILATING APPARATUS.

No. 411,898. Patented Oct, 1, 1889.

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UNITED STATES PATENT I FFICE.

MAX MESTERN, OF TURIN, ITALY, ASSIGNOR TO HIMSELF, VICTOR DE LHERVILLIERS, OF SAME PLACE, AND THERESA MESTERN, OF

MUNICH, GERMANY.

VENTILATING APPARATUS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 411,898, dated October 1, 1889.

Application filed March 10, 1888. Seriahllo. 266,816. (Nomodeh) Patented in England February 10, 1886, No. 571; in Austria- Hungary April 1, 1886, No. 48,306 and No. 10,097; in Italy December 31, 18 86, XLI, 400; in Norway May 2, 1887, No. 626,

and in Spain February 18,1888, No. 12,095.

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that 1, MAX MESTERN, a subject of the Emperor of Germany, residing atTurin, Italy, have invented certain new and useful 'Im rovcments in Ventilatin 'A arat-us for P a:

WhichI have obtained Letters Patent in the following countries: in Italy, dated December 31, 1886, Vol. XLI, No. 400; in England, dated February 10, 1886, No. 571; in Austria, dated April 1, 1886, No. 43,306 and 10,097; in Norway, dated May 2, 1887, No. 626,and in Spain, dated February 18, 1888, No. 12,095,) and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to letters of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

This invention relates to the art of ventlation, or ventilation and heating or cooling, and is based upon the well-known operation of the injector to induce a flow of fluid in and through a conduit, duct, or pipe by the injection into the same of another fluid to produce in such conduit, duct, or pipe a partial vacuum.

The object of my invention is to provide a simple and comparatively cheap apparatus for ventilating, or ventilating and heating or cooling, houses, apartments, public halls, &c., and to provide means, where hot air is used, for automatically regulating the temperature in the space to be ventilated and heated.

The invention has for its further object to so construct the apparatus as to adapt it for use either as a ventilating apparatus, or as a combined ventilating and heating apparatus, or as a combined ventilating and cooling appara'tus, according to the season.

To these ends the invention consists in an apparatus for ventilating, heating, or cooling purposes, substantially as hereinafter described, and set forth in the claims.

The object of my invention may be at tained by apparatuses susceptible to various modifications in structure, according to the uses to which they are applied, as will hereinafter appear, and as shown in the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 is a front elevation, and Fig. 2 a side elevation, of aventilating and heating or cooling apparatus embodying my invention, the automatic temperature regulator or governor being shown in Fig. 2 connected with the hot-air-discharge pipe. Figs. 3 and 4are like views of a similar apparatus, showing certain modifications, the hot-air pipe being also provided with the temperature-regulator. Fig. 5 is a front view of a ventilating apparatus provided with a forcing device to work the injector or injectors.

The apparatus in its simplest formthat is to say, when simply adapted for use as a ventilator-consists of a U-shaped pipe of the required interior area for the space to be ventilated and of an injector, a sufficient head of water being provided to give the necessary force and velocity to the jet, and a drain-pipe P in the form of a siphon, or provided with a goose-neck for draining off the water injected into the pipe to induce a flow of air. The vertical legs or branches of the pipe, in one or both of which an injector may be arranged, should be of proper height to admit of the efficient operation of the injector or in jectors, one branch or leg of the pipe being in communication with the outer air and the other opening into the space to be ventilated.

There is a material advantage in the use of two injectors, in that the ventilation maybe effected either by forcing fresh air into the vitiated air of the room or by exhausting the vitiated air from the room and admitting fresh air thereto through suitable air-openings, as it is obvious that if both injectors are arranged to inject the water downwardly either one may be set in operation to induce a current of air to or from the room; but, that the invention may be fully understood, I will describe the same, referring more particularly to Figs. 1 to 5.

In general the bent or U-shaped pipe P is supported at its bent portion from a suitable pedestal P, the legs or branches P and P of said pipe extending vertically above thepedestal, the branchP of pipe P communicating with the outer atmosphere. In each branch of pipe P, and at a suitable elevation above the bent portion thereof, is arranged an inj ector I, the said branches being provided at that point with openings adapted to be closed by shutters or slides in order to afford access to the injectors I. The injectors I are connected to branches 1) 19 respectively, of a pipe 19, which latter pipe is connected to a water-main or other suitable supply, from which the water is obtained under sufficient pressure to operate the injectors, said branch pipes 19' 19 being provided each with a stop cock 0 0 respectively, so that either of the injectors may be set in operation. To the branch P of pipe P, above the injector I, is connected a pipe P, that extends down, and is connected with a transverse passage formed in the pedestal P. In the pipe P is interposed a drum D, that is preferably of rectangular form, but may have any other form in cross section, said drum being provided with a door (1, adapted to be hermetically closed.

At the point of junction of the pipes P P are arranged two valves 1; t the valve '0 serving to close the passage in pipe P while the valve c serves to close the passage in pipe P so that the How of air may be diverted from the pipe P into the pipe P whenever desired.

Any suitable heater or cooler may be employed in the drum D, preferably a convertible heater, such as described in my application for Patent filed July 12, 1888, Serial No. 297,707.

If the described apparatus is to be employed for simple ventilation by introducing fresh air into a room, the valve or damper c is closed and the valve or damper c as well as the stop-cock c, is opened. The water injected into branch P will induce a flow of air from the inlet '2" to the outlet t through pipe P, as will be readily understood. If, on the contrary,the vitiated air is to be exhausted from a room, the stop-cock c is closed and the stop-cock 0 opened, thereby inducing a flow of air in a reverse direction, or from the outlet 1' to the inlet '15.

If it is desired to heat the air introduced into the room from the outside, as first described, the valve or damper "0 is closed and that v is opened, causing the flow of air to be diverted from branch P of pipe P into pipe P and drum D through the heater-tubes h and around the heater II into the room through the pedestal at '6 Fig. 1, or through pipe P, Fig. 2. The same will be the case if the air introduced into the room is to be cooled, the heater being converted into or replaced by a cooler.

In practice, when the apparatus is used for both heating and ventilating, I apply to the hot-air pipe P a temperature regulator or governor, hereinafter to be described, and

a like valve 1 in the branch 19 that con-- nects the pipe P with the pipe P below said drum D.

By closing the valves or dampers r, if, '0 and c and opening the valve or damper if, either of the injectors I being in operation, air from the outside'may be caused to flow into the room or the vitiated air may be exhausted from the room, according as the inj ector in branch P or P is operated. By closing the dampers or valves v c and v, the latter in pipe P and opening the dampers or valves 'UX '0 the air will fiow through the pipes P and P, the drum and heater, and out at i into the room, the injector 0 being in operation in this case. By closing the valves or dampers "0, t and "0 and opening the valves or dampers QJX and t the injector 0' being also in operation, the air will flow through branch P of pipe P, thence through drum D and heater or cooler II, pipe 19, and out at i into the room or space to be heated or cooled. In this construction of the apparatus the air is delivered into the room at points where it should be delivered according to the physical laws governing the motion of air.

hen the air is cooled, it is delivered at the highest point of the room, or at '11, so as to commingle with the upper and more heated stratum of air. WVhen, on the contrary, heated air is to be introduced into the room, the said air is delivered near the floor thereof, or at 1 so as to commingle with the colder stratum of air at that point.

There a suitable head of Water is not available, or in localities where Water is scarce, the apparatus may be provided with a pump 1), as shown in Fig. 5, a reservoir 19 for water being provided, the pump being operated either by hand or from a suitable motor, such as a steam or electric motor. The injector I in branch 19 of pipe P may also be arranged to inject the water upwardly, as shown in Fig. 5, to increase the velocity of the flow of air. In this case, however, venti lation by exhaustion cannot be resorted to.

The waste water in the construction of ap paratus shown in Fi 5 flows back into the tank or reservoir p hence there is no loss of water except that due to evaporation, which is but trifling, and that due to absorption by the air.

The advantages of a ventilating and heat= ing apparatus constructed as described will be readily understood by all those conversant with this branch of the arts, and I will merely mention the most important ones.

First. The air delivered to the room is com-- bined with the necessary moisture and with an injector of the construction hereinafter to be described. This degree of moisture may be regulated Within certain limits.

Secondly. The air delivered to the room may be heated to any desired degree and the temperature in the room may be regulated either automatically by means of the temperaturegovernor, hereinafter to be described, or by regulating the supply of gas to the burnerpipes, or by both.

Thirdly. The air delivered to the room may be cooled to any desired degree by regulating the amount of refrigerant used in the cooler.

Fourthly. The air is deprived of impurities by the water injected into the conduits-in fact, the air is thoroughly washed.

Lastly. The apparatus is of simple construction, readily manipulated, and adapted by its convertibility for purposes of ventilation, heating, and cooling.

I11 order to produce a current or flow of air by forming a partial vacuum in a conduit, the jet of fluid injected should havea proper velocity. I have found, however, that by subdividing a single jet into as many fine jets as possible, or by so projecting the jets as to form a hollow cone Within the conduit, the force with which these jets are projected may be greatly reduced, and yet a flow of air of as great, if not greater, velocity produced than that produced by a single jet of great velocity. To this end I have devised an injector of special construction,which I have fully described and shown. in my application for patent filed July 20, 1888,Serial No. 280,460. In practice I also prefer to employ a thermostat in conjunction with the apparatus, as shown, though I do not desire to claim herein any specific construction of such.

I clain1 1. A combined ventilating and heating apparatus consisting of a U shaped air-pipe, an injector in the inlet branch thereof, a hot-air pipe connected with the outlet branch of said U-shaped pipe, and a damper in said hot-air pipe, substantially as and for the purposes specified.

2. A combined ventilating and air heating or cooling apparatus consisting of a U-shaped air-pip e, an injector in the inlet branch thereof, the drum D, and air inlet and outlet pipes for the same, said outlet-pipe being provided with a damper and connected with the 1 outlet branch of the U-shaped air-pipe, substantially as and for the purposes specified.

3. A combined ventilating and air heating or cooling apparatus consisting of a U shaped pipe, an injector in the inlet branch thereof, the drum D, air inlet and outlet pipes therefor, said air-ontlet pipe being provided with a damper and connected with the outlet branch of the U-shaped pipe, a pipe P interposed in said connection and provided with a damper v, and the valved connection 19* between the U-shaped pipe and the air-inlet pipe of the drum D, substantially as and for the purposes specified.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

MAXI IVIESTERN. lVitnesses:

ENRICO ENGEL,

Cue-Eric B. CASETTAY. 

